Election Data

NB (2026 update): I am in the process of collecting and analyzing data for my thesis. I intend to upload the data after I have finished, which may be a couple more years away.

The below links will allow you to download Excel documents for each country that include an overview of the metrics per election, and tabs for the results (overall and by district) per year, for those that were in-scope of the research for my thesis.

Further details on how I’ve calculated the various metrics in the overviews are included in my thesis: Proportionality and Representativeness in Electoral System Design: Insights from Comparative Analysis of 29 Democracies, 1990-2026.

The excels are almost entirely results for national lower house or unicameral legislatures, with the exception of the upper house for Australia and Czech Republic, and the devolved unicameral legislature for Scotland.

Majoritarian/Plurality formulae: First Past The Post (FPTP)

Canada – 2025-1993

xlsx: federal election results for the Canadian House of Representatives:

• 2025, 2021, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2008, 2006, 2004, 2000, 1997, 1993

Botswana – 2024-1994

xlsx: election results for the Botswanan National Assembly:

• 2024, 2019, 2014, 2009, 2004, 1999, 1994

Jamaica – 2025-1993

xlsx: election results for the Jamaican House of Representatives:

• 2025, 2020, 2016, 2011, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1993

Trinidad and Tobago – 2025-1991

xlsx: election results for the House of Representatives:

• 2025, 2020, 2015, 2010, 2007, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1995, 1991

United Kingdom – 2024-1992

xlsx: election results for the UK House of Representatives:

• 2024, 2019, 2017, 2015, 2010, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1992

United States – 2024-1990

xlsx: election results for the US House of Representatives for the states that use FPTP for general elections:

• 2024, 2022, 2020, 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2004, 2002, 2000, 1998, 1996, 1994, 1992, 1990

Majoritarian/Plurality formulae: Two Round System (TRS), including Instant Run-Off Voting

Australia – 2025-1990

xlsx: federal election results for the Australian House of Representatives:

• 2025, 2022, 2019, 2016, 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1996, 1993, 1990

Czech Republic – 2024-1996

xlsx: election results for the Czech Senate:

• 2024, 2022, 2020, 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2004, 2002, 2000, 1998, 1996

France – 2024-1993

xlsx: election results for the French National Assembly:

• 2024, 2022, 2017, 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1993

United States – 2024-1990

xlsx: election results for the US House of Representatives for the states that use some form of TRS for general elections:

• 2024, 2022, 2020, 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2004, 2002, 2000, 1998, 1996, 1994, 1992, 1990

Semi-Proportional formulae: Parallel, also called Mixed Member Majoritarian or Supplementary Member

Japan – 2024-1996

xlsx: election results for the Japanese House of Representatives:

• 2024, 2021, 2017, 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2003, 2000, 1996

Lithuania – 2024-1992

xlsx: election results for the Lithuanian Seimas:

• 2024, 2020, 2016, 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992

Taiwan – 2024-1992

xlsx: election results for the Taiwanese Legislative Yuan:

• 2024, 2020, 2016, 2012, 2008, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992

Semi-Proportional formulae: Single-Transferable Vote (STV)

Australia – 2025-1990

xlsx: federal election results for the Australian Senate:

• 2025, 2022, 2019, 2016, 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1996, 1993, 1990

Ireland – 2024-1992

xlsx: election results for the Irish Dáil Éireann:

• 2024, 2020, 2016, 2011, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1992

Malta – 2022-1992

xlsx: election results for the Maltese House of Representatives:

• 2022, 2017, 2013, 2008, 2003, 1998, 1996, 1992

Semi-Proportional formulae: Regional List-Proportional Representation (Reg. List PR)

Costa Rica – 2022-1990

xlsx: election results for the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly:

• 2022, 2018, 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1990

Finland – 2023-1991

xlsx: election results for the Finnish Parliament:

• 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991

Namibia – 2024-1994

xlsx: election results for the Namibian National Assembly:

• 2024, 2019, 2014, 2009, 2004, 1999, 1994

Spain – 2023-1993

xlsx: election results for the Spanish Congress of Deputies:

• 2023, 2019 (2nd), 2019 (1st), 2016, 2015, 2011, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1993

Suriname – 2025-1991

xlsx: election results for the Surinamese National Assembly:

• 2025, 2020, 2015, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1991

Uruguay – 2024-1994

xlsx: election results for the Uruguayan Chamber of Representatives:

• 2024, 2019, 2014, 2009, 2004, 1999, 1994

Proportional formulae: National List-Proportional Representation (Nat. List-PR)

Cyprus – 2021-1991

xlsx: election results for the Cypriot House of Representatives:

• 2021, 2016, 2011, 2006, 2001, 1996, 1991

Iceland – 2024-1991

xlsx: election results for the Icelandic Althing:

• 2024, 2021, 2017, 2016, 2013, 2009, 2007, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991

Israel – 2022-1992

xlsx: election results for the Israeli Knesset:

• 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 (2nd), 2019 (1st), 2015, 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1996, 1992

Netherlands – 2025-1994

xlsx: election results for the Dutch House of Representatives:

• 2025, 2023, 2021, 2017, 2012, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2002, 1998, 1994

Slovakia – 2023-1990

xlsx: election results for the Slovak National Council:

• 2023, 2020, 2016, 2012, 2010, 2006, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1992, 1990

South Africa – 2024-1994

xlsx: election results for the South African National Assembly:

• 2024, 2019, 2014, 2009, 2004, 1999, 1994

Proportional formulae: Mixed-Member Proportional (MMP).

Germany – 2025-1990

xlsx: federal election results for the German Bundestag:

• 2025, 2021, 2017, 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1990

New Zealand – 2023-1996

xlsx: election results for the New Zealand House of Representatives:

• 2023, 2020, 2017, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2005, 2002, 1999, 1996

Scotland – 2021-1999

xlsx: election results for the devolved Scottish Parliament:

• 2021, 2016, 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999